Car Insurance Types

Car Insurance Types

Third Party Car Insurance

Car Insurance Central would not recommend this type of insurance. It only covers other peoples’ cars and property so if your car gets stolen you will not get anything, spend the extra and get Third Party Fire and Theft and a decent level of cover.

Third Party Fire & Theft Car Insurance

Third Party Fire and Theft is very popular with young drivers and is used to cover cars that aren't really worth very much. Car Insurance Central does not recommend this level of cover for your mint condition Mercedes, but it will be fine for your clapped out Fiesta. This type of insurance is also very good if you are a convicted driver and want to keep the cost of your insurance down.

Fully Comprehensive Car Insurance

Fully Comp Car insurance is the best insurance that you can buy, every insurer has different restrictions and features so check to make sure you know what you can and can't do. Fully comp car insurance doesn't mean that you are covered for everything. Check with your insurance company if you have any special requirements. Protected No Claims Bonus is usually only available if you have over four years of NCB. This doesn't mean you can have as many accidents as you like, you are usually restricted to one and then you start to lose your NCB slowly. Some insurance companies offer over 25s guaranteed NCB.

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Car Insurance and the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act

In 1975, The rehabilitation of offenders Act came into force following Lord Gardiner's report, which stated that a million people in the United Kingdom had a criminal record. This Act set out to protect reformed characters by wiping off criminal convictions after several conviction free years. This Act has changed the way insurance companies look at convicted drivers.

Convicted Drivers

Some car insurance companies offer driving insurance for convicted drivers within the United Kingdom. Lots of insurers still look at convictions, as a serious problem but under the law, spent convictions cannot be taken into account. It is the duty of the insured person to honestly disclose all convictions that are not spent.

Rehabilitation of Offenders Act

The 1974 Rehabilitation of Offenders Act enables some criminal convictions to become 'spent' or ignored, after a period of 'rehabilitation'.

Sentences Handed out for Car Offences

The rehabilitation period for some convicted drivers depends on the original sentence given, not the offense that was committed. For a custodial sentence the rehabilitation period is decided on the original sentence given, not the time spent. To all convicted drivers, it takes account of motoring offenses and therefore affects the handling of driving insurance. The general public understands very little about this so it is important to establish the facts. This will avoid repudiation of claims or re-quotes after a non-disclosure. An endorsement on your driving license does not fall within the definition of the act so cannot affect the rehabilitation period. It is unlikely that a person would receive penalty points without a fine, disqualification or a prison sentence.

Example:

If a person was caught speeding and was given three penalty points and a £50 fine in this case it is the fine of £50 that would result in a 5-year rehabilitation period, not the endorsement.

Insurance and Drink Driving

This also applies to drink driving offenses. The license is endorsed for eleven years; but, any rehabilitation period is determined by the punishment (fine, disqualification or imprisonment). Disqualification relating to driving insurance for convicted drivers in United Kingdom. If a person is disqualified from driving or being a company director at the same time as receiving another penalty, the longer rehabilitation period applies.

Example:

If a person is banned for seven years and fined - which takes five years to become spent - the rehabilitation period would be seven years not five years.

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Car Insurance Frequently Asked Questions

Car Insurance FAQ's

What is Excess?

Excess is the contributory amount you pay when you make a claim, but if the claim is found to not be your fault, it is sometimes possible to recover this excess from the party found to be at fault.

I am named on another car insurance policy, am I entitled to no claim discount?

Most insurers will only reward the policy holder with no claim discount. But if you have been claim free some insurers may be able to give you an introductory discount. Young drivers can sometimes receive a discount if they have completed the Pass Plus course.

If I have an Accident, what happens?

This will depend on your car insurance cover, some insurers can arrange for your vehicle to be recovered and you and your passengers can be taken home or to your destination in safety.

How do I Make a claim?

You should contact your insurance company where details of the accident will be and most insurers will sort out your problem immediately. There can be forms to fill in but you will usually be informed whether your car insurance policy covers you for the incident, what you have to pay and the steps involved in your insurance claim being settled.

Can I Still Drive while my car is being repaired?

Some insurance policies provide a courtesy car and this is usually available for the duration of any repairs to your vehicle. If your car is stolen or a total loss then most insurers will guarantee a hire car until an offer is made to settle the insurance claim.

What Does Legal Cover Mean?

Legal Cover usually provides legal advice via a helpline. Legal cover can provide assistance to recover uninsured losses (such as your excess), medical losses or loss of earnings. Legal costs to pursue a case after a motoring accident, and up to cover to defend against any motoring prosecutions (this usually excludes drink and drug-related offences).

Can I drive abroad with my car insurance policy?

These days car insurance policies usually cover you to drive in any country which are members of the European Union, to the minimum level of insurance required (normally third party only). If you need a higher level of cover insurers can offer you additional cover.

Can I protect my No Claim Discount?

With most insurers you can protect your no claim. This means that if your car is stolen, or you have no other party to claim against, you will not have to lose your no claim discount as well.

Do I need business use insurance to drive to work?

Under most insurance policies you can drive your vehicle back and forth to work using social, domestic and commuting purposes. Insurers can increase your cover if you need to use your vehicle to visit any other sites of business during your working day. This usually does not cover any goods or samples carried in connection with business use.

What should I do if I need to make a change to my insurance?

Contact your current insurer and they will make the changes and send you the updated documentation.

What changes do I need to tell my insurance company about?

You must tell changes in your name, address, mileage, modifications to your car and driving convictions.

If I leave my keys in the car am I not covered by my car insurance?

In most cases that is correct. If you leave your keys in your car even if it is only to pop down the shops or drop off a letter and your car is stolen, your car will not be covered. Remember always to take your car keys with you or make sure someone stays with the car.

My son is driving. What is the best way to insure him?

It is best to insure young drivers on their own policies. They will collect their own no-claim bonus which will help lower their insurance premiums. Most insurance companies now offer a young driver policy. Parents quite often insure their children as secondary drivers on their own insurance policy when actually the child is the main driver of the car. Parents think this is the cheapest way to get their children on the road but often this isn't the cheapest way and if insurance companies find out that the young driver is the main driver they may not pay out on an insurance claim. This is because information you have provided is incorrect and the insurance therefore becomes invalid.

I have a maximum no claim discount and I have bought a second car, can I add my no claim bonus to both cars?

No, you must earn another set of no claim bonus for your second vehicle. But some insurers can give you an introductory discount equivalent to the no claim bonus that they hold.

Can I drive other people's cars under my own car insurance?

No, you and any named drivers are only insured to drive vehicles identified on your Certificate of Motor Insurance or your Insurance Schedule, which should be kept with your car insurance certificate.

You can add an additional temporary car or an additional driver to your insurance contact your insurance company and they can arrange for a car or driver to be added to your car insurance subject to normal restrictions. They will then send you an amended insurance schedule showing the additional car or driver details.

Can I insure my car for driving abroad?

Normally If you pay an extra premium, your insurance can be extended to provide the same level of cover in the EU and some other European countries. If you want to extend your insurance, you must contact your insurer in plenty of time and they will provide the documents.

I am taking my car off the road - do I still have to pay my insurance premium?

If your car is not used for a continuous period, and this is not as a result of any loss or damage covered by insurance, insurance companies may suspend your cover and refund part of your premium for the laid-up period.

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CLIMATE CHANGES THAT THREAT TO THE LIFE OF THE EARTH

Climate Changes That Threat To The Life Of The Earth

In general, climate change is referred to as a global warming phenomenon where the amount of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere increases and continues over a certain period of time. The causes of climate change and global warming consist of many different factors and affect human life. 

The climate is constantly changing due to the interaction of its components and external factors such as volcanic eruptions, variations in sunlight, and anthropogenic factors such as cultivation and fossil fuels. Climate change is a significant change in climate, air temperature and rainfall that lasts tens of years to millions of years. Climate change is caused by increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide and other gasses in the atmosphere, causing the greenhouse effect. 

Many governments have pledged to make their economies carbon neutral within the next 10 to 30 years. With stable CO2 emissions in Europe and America, while emissions in Asia and Africa are increasing, the infographic below shows how much the economy needs to achieve carbon neutrality.

The Process of Climate Change

Every day we experience more and more climate change, which is increasingly worrying. It was a very hot day and it suddenly rained. It should be remembered that climate change doesn't happen overnight, it happens for several reasons. 

For that, we must try to overcome it by starting to love and protect the environment, such as planting trees, not littering, recycling and other simple ways. Climate change is nothing new. The global climate is always changing. Some of the land that was covered with ice millions of years ago has now become land due to fluctuations in solar radiation or volcanic eruptions. 

Current and future climate change can be caused not only by natural phenomena but also by various human activities. Rapidly developing economic developments have important effects on the global climate, such as the use of fossil fuels as an energy source, an increase in the number of motorized vehicles and large-scale clearing of land through deforestation.

Climate change is influenced by several things:

• The distance of the sun from the location of the earth is affected. As the sun approaches, the radiation received by the earth increases. This radiation supports convection, or the rising of water vapor into the sky. 
• Environmental conditions, whether the area is mountainous, hilly, forested or sandy. Mountainous or hilly areas affect air movement. Mountains or hills help the air rise. The air that is lifted up or into the sky supports the formation of clouds. 
• Near or far from a water source, such as an ocean or lake. Areas close to water bodies have a higher probability of precipitation than areas far from water sources. This is due to the high evaporation rate in areas close to water sources. Because of this, Indonesia has more rainfall than outside of Australia. Besides being close to the equator, Indonesia is also surrounded by vast oceans. 
• Aerosols dispersed in the atmosphere also have an impact on climate change. Aerosols are tiny particles in gasses and air. Aerosols can come from desert dust, volcanic eruptions, or human activities such as motorcycles and factory exhaust.

Solar radiation that hits the earth in the form of short waves penetrates the earth's atmosphere and then becomes long waves when it reaches the earth's surface. After reaching the surface of the earth, some of these waves are reflected back into the atmosphere. 

Unfortunately, not all of the long waves reflected by Earth can penetrate the atmosphere into space because they are blocked and absorbed by gasses in the atmosphere called greenhouse gasses (GHG). This natural phenomenon is called the greenhouse effect (GHE).

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Marijuana Legal in Some Countries but Illegal In Indonesia

Marijuana Legal in Some Countries but Illegal In Indonesia

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Tahbrontak - Marijuana is banned in Indonesia because marijuana is a drug. Marijuana is banned because it contains a psychotropic component, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which changes a person's activities and thoughts. No one has yet been identified as having committed crimes such as bank robberies or slashing people in the street due to their high impact rates, but cannabis remains banned for the reasons mentioned above. Can lead to state-financed pensions.

 

Nonetheless, Indonesia has an area known as a cannabis producing area, namely Aceh. This is an open secret that you can find by doing a Google search. Aceh is famous for using cannabis as a cooking spice. However, cannabis is illegal in Aceh and its cultivation is kept secret. So say goodbye to the notion that you often find Acehnese growing cannabis in their gardens.

 

Marijuana has a function other than making fly or over-imagined. It is widely known in the medical world that cannabis has many benefits. Because of its many positive effects, cannabis is even called a magical plant. Due to the positive effects of cannabis, many countries have lifted the ban on cannabis.

They legalized marijuana with strict conditions and it should not be used carelessly. That way, the spread of illegal cannabis can be prevented. Medical benefits of cannabis include preventing muscle spasms, reducing pain, inhibiting the development of Alzheimer's disease, and treating depression in epilepsy patients. 

Many countries in the US and Europe have legalized cannabis. However, different countries apply different regulations to allow the use of this facility. However, in Indonesia, marijuana is illegal and belongs to class I narcotics. So what made these countries legalize cannabis? In general, it is the potency of cannabis that allows it to be used as a medicine for certain diseases. As reported by CNN Indonesia, there are several reasons why marijuana should be legalized.

Marijuana is safer than alcohol and legal tobacco.

A study published in 2010 proved that the active compounds found in cannabis are safer than those found in alcohol and tobacco and cigarettes. The negative stigma attached to cannabis is that it appears to be more dangerous than other legal drugs. 

Marijuana has a low addiction rate. 

Sanjay Gupta, CNN America's Chief Medical Correspondent, found that only 9% -10% of adult marijuana users are addicted. Tobacco is even worse, with 30% addiction. Marijuana can be a safe and effective sleep aid The National Cancer Institute says that patients using sprays containing extracts of the cannabis plant have been shown to sleep better. He says it's the THC substance that positively improves quality. 

Marijuana can help treat. 

An article in Discovery Health says cannabis can reduce nausea. People undergoing chemotherapy usually experience nausea as a side effect of the treatment they are receiving. Therefore, cannabis can be given to post-chemotherapy patients to reduce nausea. In addition, cannabis can also increase appetite in people with HIV / AIDS. Like cannabis, it has been shown to relax tense muscles and relieve pain.

For Consideration by Related Parties

Globally, cannabis is one of the narcotics that has great potential to be legalized, either decriminalized (removing criminal penalties for users or owners) or fully legalized (allowing it to grow and sell). This is because marijuana has fewer psychological and behavioral negative effects than other types of narcotics, even when compared to alcohol and tobacco. 

Governments can weigh enforcement, medical and economic contingency burdens when criminalizing cannabis use. The first concrete step that can be taken is to enable research on the potential health benefits of cannabis. The government can then change the position of Class III cannabis. Class III narcotics are widely used and have a low addiction potential because they are considered drugs. However, for society to truly reap the benefits of cannabis cultivation, these regulations must be backed up with strict oversight to prevent abuse.

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Why Does The Middle East Have Very Abundant Oil Reserves?

Why Does The Middle East Have Very Abundant Oil Reserves? 

Tahbrontak - The Middle East has lots of oil wells. This makes some of the Arab countries the richest in the world. The Middle East is the region west of India and east of the Mediterranean Sea. The Middle East also includes the Arabian Peninsula and parts of North Africa. 

Most of the geographical contours of the Middle East consist of deserts and dry land. Most Middle East countries, like Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Iran, Syria. Obtaining primary income or foreign currency from oil extraction. Because oil reserves in Arab countries are very large and abundant. This means that almost 48% of the world's oil reserves are stored in Middle East sediments.

As mentioned on February 19, 2021 on Ayomalang.com by Professor Kardus's Youtube channel, this is due to the formation of world petroleum, starting from the diagenetic process of ancient animals to elements of plants and animals. This is because all plant and animal elements contain dead animal fats and fats. 

Also, most of the oil from Arabian soil is made from animal components such as sea algae, microplankton, bacterioplankton, and small animals. That's because the Middle East was under the sea hundreds of millions of years ago. Oceans existed 400 million to 60 million years ago, from the Paleozoic to the Mesozoic. 

During these hundreds of millions of years, dead marine microbes have settled, buried beneath the ocean floor, and deposited in rocks rich in animal minerals. And through sediment deposits that lasted 350 million years, organic sediments in the Middle East are thick and abundant.

Natural diagenesis, or the change from physical to chemical form due to soil pressure and temperature. Because of this, the precipitated microorganisms turn into petroleum. However, once formed, it took a very long time for the ancient seafloor to recede due to tectonic activity before being uplifted. 

About 20 million years ago, the movement of the Miocene tectonic plates across the Arabian Peninsula brought much of the desert and arid plains to Arabia. Because it was on the seabed that was uplifted in the Miocene. Thus, all the ancient animals found in Arabia are mostly sea creatures. For this reason, the Middle East has 48.3% of the world's oil reserves.

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THE ORIGIN OF PETROLEUM OIL THAT GIVES MANY BENEFITS

THE ORIGIN OF PETROLEUM OIL THAT GIVES MANY BENEFITS

Tahbrontak - Petroleum is a fossil fuel, which is derived from fossils or the remains of living organisms that died. The remains of organisms such as plants, algae, plankton, and other living things that drift into the sea and then drown. The remains of these living organisms then accumulated on the ancient seabed, buried and formed organic sediments.

In this state there is no oxygen in the sediment. Crude oil, or what is commonly called petroleum, consists of organic matter that mostly settles as sediment on the ocean floor. These sediments then decompose and change over millions of years. If the area has the appropriate combination of source rock, reservoir rock, cap and trap rock, oil and gas deposits may be found there. 

Most of the oil and gas reserves come from thick layers of black clay that lie beneath the seabed. Black clay is a host rock, meaning it accumulates significant amounts of organic residues. Clay was deposited on the ocean floor about 150 million years ago, covering most of what is now northwestern Europe. Most of the ocean floor is dead and submerged, while the upper layers of the water are teeming with life. 

When microscopic phytoplankton die, they sink to the bottom and accumulate in large numbers in anorexic sediments. Over time, they are buried deeper and undergo a long process of chemical transformation through the decomposition and maturation of bacteria under the thickened sediment layer. This creates liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons in the source rock. This is where the initial oil is formed and then refined into fuel that we use every day.

Reporting from Energy Education, it is estimated that the reserves of petroleum in the world are:

• 70 percent formed in the Mesozoic Age (252 to 66 million years ago) 

• 20 percent formed in the Cenozoic Age (65 million years ago) 

• 10 percent formed in the Paleozoic Age (541 to 252 million years ago)

BENEFITS OF PETROLEUM OIL 

The question of the origin of oil has been answered, now it is our turn to explain the benefits of oil for human life. 

According to Detik.com, oil can be used as vehicle fuel, building materials, fiber raw materials, sources of LPG, household appliances, mixtures of medical materials and electronic devices. 

In addition, this oil can also be used as raw material for cosmetics, agriculture and even power generation. How do you understand where petroleum comes from and its benefits? Hopefully useful, yes..!

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Saudi Aramco is The Most Valuable Company In The World

Saudi Arabian oil and gas company Saudi Aramco will again become the most valuable company in the world in 2022. This condition is inseparable from the decline in technology company shares due to selling by investors. 

Tahbrontak - As reported, Saudi Aramco is the most valuable company in the world with a valuation of US $2.42 trillion or around IDR 35,266.6 trillion. Previously, Saudi Aramco's valuation has been lost to technology company Apple Inc. in the last two years. 

But due to a 5 percent decline in Apple's stock, the company's valuation is now only US$2.37 trillion. In addition to the ongoing weakening in the technology sector, Saudi Aramco also benefited from the soaring prices of various commodities due to sanctions received by Russia for invading Ukraine.

For the third quarter of this year, Saudi Aramco will not change its $18.8 billion dividend. The additional profits will be used to develop Saudi Aramco's business. Due to global market volatility and economic uncertainty, the results obtained in the first half of this year, strengthens the desire to invest to keep global market needs met as the energy transition progresses, said Saudi Aramco president and CEO Amin Nasser.

Like Saudi Aramco, global oil companies such as ExxonMobil, Chevron, and BP have also managed to record significant additions to profits this year.

Saudi Arabian oil company Saudi Aramco on Thursday (17/11/2022) announced plans to invest US$7 billion, or around Rp109.7 trillion, to develop a petrochemical plant in Ulsan, South Korea.

As reported by Reuters, the project, named Shaheen, will be Saudi Aramco's largest investment in Asia and will produce the largest petrochemical plant in the world. Saudi Aramco owns 63 percent of South Korean oil company S-Oil. 

Development of the new factory will begin in 2023 and is projected to be completed in 2026. The factory will have a production capacity of 3.2 million tons per year and be equipped with facilities to produce high-value polymers. According to Amin Nasser, CEO of Saudi Aramco, the development of the petrochemical plant is in anticipation of increasing consumption in Asian countries.

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